供應系統 熱水供應系統選擇原則
熱水(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統(tong)應根據使用(yong)對象、建筑物的(de)特點、熱水(shui)(shui)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)量、用(yong)水(shui)(shui)規律、用(yong)水(shui)(shui)點分布(bu)、熱源類(lei)型、水(shui)(shui)加熱設備及操作管理條件等因素，經(jing)技術經(jing)濟比(bi)較后選擇合適的(de)系(xi)統(tong)形(xing)式。 (1)按熱(re)水供應(ying)系統(tong)范(fan)圍選擇(ze)系統(tong) 1)集中(zhong)熱水(shui)供應系統:就是在鍋爐(lu)房、熱交換間(jian)將水(shui)集中(zhong)加熱，通過熱水(shui)管(guan)網輸送(song)至整棟或幾棟建筑的熱水(shui)供應系統。 一(yi)般(ban)適用于使用要(yao)求高(gao)、耗熱量大(da)(da)、用水點(dian)分布較(jiao)密集(ji)或(huo)較(jiao)連續、熱源(yuan)條件充分的(de)(de)場合或(huo)建(jian)筑(zhu)，如(ru)較(jiao)高(gao)級的(de)(de)居住建(jian)筑(zhu)、旅(lv)館、公共浴室、醫院(yuan)、療(liao)養院(yuan)、體(ti)育館、游(you)泳館(池)、大(da)(da)型飯店等(deng)公共建(jian)筑(zhu)以(yi)及布置(zhi)較(jiao)集(ji)中的(de)(de)工業企(qi)業建(jian)筑(zhu)等(deng)，此類建(jian)筑(zhu)對舒適、安全(quan)(quan)使用熱水有要(yao)求，且一(yi)般(ban)有管理(li)公司負責管理(li)，管理(li)維護(hu)條件到位。故推薦(jian)使用全(quan)(quan)日集(ji)中熱水供應系統。 在全(quan)日(ri)集中熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共浴(yu)室、洗衣房(fang)(fang)(fang)、廚房(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)用熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)且用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時段(duan)固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部位宜設與系(xi)統(tong)(tong)循(xun)環管(guan)道(dao)分開的(de)(de)(de)單獨熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網，定時循(xun)環供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。另(ling)外，洗衣房(fang)(fang)(fang)要求(qiu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)硬度較(jiao)低，廚房(fang)(fang)(fang)要求(qiu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫度高，這些(xie)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部位也可另(ling)設局部熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。這樣可以大(da)大(da)減少系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)能耗，并有利于(yu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)穩定。全(quan)日(ri)集中熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)大(da)型公(gong)共浴(yu)室、洗衣房(fang)(fang)(fang)、廚房(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)耗熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)且用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時段(duan)固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部位宜設單獨的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網定時供應熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)另(ling)設局部熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。 普通住(zhu)宅、宿舍、普通旅館、招(zhao)待所等組成的小(xiao)區或單棟建(jian)筑如設(she)集(ji)中(zhong)熱水供(gong)應(ying)時宜采(cai)用(yong)定時集(ji)中(zhong)熱水供(gong)應(ying)系統。 2)局(ju)(ju)部熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)供(gong)應系統:采(cai)用(yong)各種小型(xing)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器在用(yong)水(shui)(shui)場所(suo)就地加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，供(gong)局(ju)(ju)部范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)一個或幾個用(yong)水(shui)(shui)點使用(yong)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)系統。適用(yong)于(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)較小且(qie)較分散的(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)，如一般單元式(shi)居住建筑(zhu)(zhu)，小型(xing)飲食店、理發館、醫院、診療所(suo)、辦(ban)公樓(lou)等(deng)公共建筑(zhu)(zhu)和(he)布置較分散的(de)車(che)間衛生(sheng)間等(deng)工業建筑(zhu)(zhu)。 局部熱水供(gong)應系統一般用(yong)于使(shi)用(yong)要求不(bu)高、用(yong)水范圍小(xiao)、用(yong)水點(dian)數量少且分(fen)散、熱源(yuan)條件不(bu)夠理想的場合(he)。 1對于普通住宅，一(yi)般只在晚上洗浴時使用熱(re)水(shui)，廚房(fang)可(ke)采用小型快速(su)電熱(re)水(shui)器供(gong)給熱(re)水(shui)，如(ru)設集(ji)中熱(re)水(shui)供(gong)應系統，則一(yi)次投資大(da)(da)(da)、能耗大(da)(da)(da)、維(wei)修管理工(gong)作量大(da)(da)(da)。 2 對于(yu)無集(ji)中沐(mu)浴設施的(de)辦公樓，一(yi)般只有洗(xi)手(shou)用(yong)熱水(shui)(shui)，其(qi)用(yong)量少、時間(jian)短，如用(yong)干、立管循(xun)環的(de)集(ji)中熱水(shui)(shui)供(gong)應系統，用(yong)水(shui)(shui)時很可能洗(xi)完(wan)手(shou)熱水(shui)(shui)還未(wei)到位，或放掉部分冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)， 才出熱(re)水(shui)，這樣既耗能又費水(shui)，使用也不舒適。對于(yu)這種(zhong)建筑如需供(gong)熱(re)水(shui)時可采用就地安裝(zhuang)小型快速電熱(re)水(shui)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)很短的供(gong)水(shui)管供(gong)熱(re)水(shui)。 3對于日(ri)用(yong)熱(re)(re)水(shui)量(liang)(按60℃計)小于5m且用(yong)水(shui)點分散的建筑，因(yin)設集中熱(re)(re)水(shui)供應系統，相應熱(re)(re)損失占的比例更(geng)大(da)，因(yin)此也(ye)宜采用(yong)局部熱(re)(re)水(shui)供應系統。 (2)按(an)熱(re)水管網循(xun)環方式選擇(ze)系統 1)干、立、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)循環熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統:所(suo)(suo)有配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干管(guan)(guan)(guan)、立管(guan)(guan)(guan)、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)都設有相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道，保證配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干管(guan)(guan)(guan)、立管(guan)(guan)(guan)、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統。適用于要(yao)求隨(sui)時獲得設計溫(wen)度(du)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共(gong)建筑，如旅館(guan)、醫院、療養院、托(tuo)兒所(suo)(suo)等。當住(zhu)宅配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)長(chang)度(du)<10m，醫院、旅館(guan)等配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)長(chang)度(du)<6m時，其(qi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)也可不設回水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道。設有集中熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)居住(zhu)建筑不宜采用支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)循環系(xi)統，其(qi)理由(you)，是(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)前(qian)后兩端水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)表計量誤差易產生糾紛二是(shi)循環效果(guo)難保證，三是(shi)能耗大，安裝維修困難，當支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)長(chang)度(du)大于10m時，為(wei)保證用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點(dian)出(chu)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)<15s，可采取(qu)自調(diao)控電伴熱(re)措施，其(qi)要(yao)求詳見本手冊4.8節。 2)立管循環熱水(shui)供(gong)應系統:所有配水(shui)干管、立管都設有相應的回水(shui)管道(dao)。保證配水(shui)干管、立管中水(shui)溫的熱水(shui)供(gong)應系統。適(shi)用于各類設有集(ji)中熱水(shui)供(gong)應系統的建筑 3)干(gan)管(guan)循環熱水(shui)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong):僅配(pei)水(shui)干(gan)管(guan)設(she)有回水(shui)管(guan)道，只保證配(pei)水(shui)干(gan)管(guan)中(zhong)水(shui)溫的熱水(shui)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。適(shi)用于對水(shui)溫要求不嚴格，立管(guan)、支管(guan)較短，用水(shui)較集中(zhong)或一次(ci)用水(shui)量(liang)較大的建(jian)筑，如某些工業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)的淋浴間(jian)、餐飲業(ye)廚房等(deng)。 (3)按熱水管(guan)網循環水泵運行方式選擇(ze)系統(tong) 1)全日循環熱水(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統:全天任何時刻(ke)，都維持(chi)循環管網中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)(shui)溫不低(di)于設計溫度(du)的(de)熱水(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統。適用于全日都須(xu)保證熱水(shui)(shui)供應的(de)建筑，如(ru)賓(bin)館、醫院(yuan)等， 2)定(ding)時循(xun)環熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)供應系統(tong):在系統(tong)集中使(shi)(shi)用前(qian)，利用循(xun)環水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵和(he)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)管道將(jiang)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)管網中已(yi)經冷(leng)卻(que)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)強制循(xun)環加熱，在使(shi)(shi)用前(qian)將(jiang)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)管網中水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)提(ti)升到規定(ding)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)供應系統(tong)。適用于定(ding)時使(shi)(shi)用熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)，如學校、宿舍(she)、住宅、普通旅館等。 (4)熱水(shui)系統供水(shui)水(shui)壓、水(shui)溫穩定方式 熱水(shui)系統供水(shui)壓力應穩定，且與冷水(shui)系統壓力差值宜不(bu)大于0.01MPa，以(yi)免(mian)造成混合(he)出水(shui)溫度忽高(gao)忽低，發生燙傷(shang)事故(gu)。 1)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)與給水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)分(fen)區(qu)一致(zhi)，對于閉式熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統(tong)，系(xi)統(tong)內各區(qu)水(shui)加熱(re)(re)(re)器、貯(zhu)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)罐的(de)進水(shui)均應(ying)(ying)(ying)由同(tong)區(qu)的(de)給水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)專管供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying);由熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)箱和熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)供(gong)水(shui)泵聯合供(gong)水(shui)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統(tong)，熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)供(gong)水(shui)泵揚程應(ying)(ying)(ying)與相應(ying)(ying)(ying)供(gong)水(shui)范圍(wei)的(de)給水(shui)泵壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)協調保(bao)證(zheng)系(xi)統(tong)冷(leng)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)平衡;若不滿(man)足熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)與冷(leng)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)同(tong)源的(de)條件時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)取增設(she)減(jian)壓(ya)(ya)閥等保(bao)證(zheng)系(xi)統(tong)冷(leng)、熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)平衡的(de)措施。 2)由城鎮給水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網直接補(bu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的閉(bi)式熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)供應系(xi)統，其水(shui)(shui)(shui)加熱(re)器(qi)、貯熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)罐補(bu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)補(bu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)上裝有倒流防止器(qi)時，其相(xiang)應供水(shui)(shui)(shui)范圍(wei)內的給水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)也宜從該倒流防止器(qi)后(hou)引出，冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統與熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統保證同源。 3)給水管道的(de)水壓(ya)變(bian)化較大，但用(yong)水點要(yao)求水壓(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)時(shi)，宜采用(yong)設(she)高位熱水箱重(zhong)力供(gong)水的(de)開式熱水供(gong)應系統(tong)，或采取穩(wen)壓(ya)措施。 4)對于配水點(dian)的(de)衛(wei)生設備，設有(you)冷(leng)熱水混合器或(huo)混合龍(long)頭(tou)時，冷(leng)、熱水供應系統在配水點(dian)處應有(you)相近的(de)水壓(ya)。 5)公共浴室淋浴器出水水溫應穩定，并宜采取相關措施:采用開式熱水供應系統。 
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